Diabetes Dialogue: Insights on INHALE-1 and CATALYST Trials

In this episode of Diabetes Dialogue, hosts Diana Isaacs, PharmD, an endocrine clinical pharmacist, director of Education and Training in Diabetes Technology, and codirector of Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy at the Cleveland Clinic, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, program director of Diabetes Technology at University Hospitals Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center explore the increasing focus on the connection between obesity and diabetes, including the latest advancements in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapies, the use of inhaled insulin, and the recent addition of hypercortisolism to the “Ominous Octet”, creating the “Noxious Nine.”

Although obesity rates in the US have been rising steadily globally, hosts pointed to a recent CDC report reporting a slight decrease in obesity rates. They suggest that this may be partially attributed to the impact of GLP-1 drugs, which have become increasingly popular in managing obesity and related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). With these drugs continuing to show promising results, the hosts express optimism about their potential to reduce obesity and improve long-term patient health outcomes.

Their conversation shifted to a detailed discussion of the INHALE-1 trial, which evaluated the effectiveness of inhaled insulin in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D. The trial, designed to evaluate the non-inferiority of inhaled insulin compared to traditional subcutaneous injections, found that inhaled insulin provided similar efficacy without significant differences in lung function or hypoglycemia occurrence. Isaacs and Bellini highlighted the implications of these findings, emphasizing that inhaled insulin could offer an alternative treatment option for pediatric patients, particularly those who struggle with needle phobia or the burden of multiple daily injections (MDIs).

The episode concluded with a deep dive into the Catalyst study, which explored the use of mifepristone in patients with T2D complicated by hypercortisolism. The second phase of the Catalyst trial found a significant reduction in HbA1C levels, showing a 1.5% decrease in patients treated with mifepristone compared with the placebo group. Isaacs and Bellini discussed the potential clinical applications of these results, particularly for patients with difficult-to-control diabetes who may have an underlying hormonal issue contributing to their condition. Overall, hosts encouraged clinicians to consider hypercortisolism in their differential diagnosis for patients with challenging diabetes cases, noting the promise that mifepristone could offer as an adjunctive treatment.