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Ryan Livingston joined the MJH Life Sciences team in March of 2025, shortly after graduating from TCNJ with a bachelor’s degree in English. He enjoys creative writing, reading, and scuba diving. He can be reached at rlivingston@mjhlifesciences.com.

William G. Christen, ScD | Image Credit: Brigham and Women's Hospital

A recent prespecified ancillary study examining the results of the Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS) trial revealed brief beneficial effects of cocoa flavanol treatment for 

). However, the overall results indicated no significant benefit.

“Additional analyses conducted because of evidence of nonproportional hazards could not rule out a possible benefit of supplementation during the first 2 years of treatment, with little additional benefit for longer treatment,” wrote William G. Christen, ScD, OD, PhD, division of preventive medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and colleagues. “Further research is warranted to clarify whether long-term cocoa extract supplementation may reduce AMD events.”

Investigators examined the data collected during the COSMOS trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial randomized clinical trial conducted from 2015-2020. The COSMOS trial tested the effectiveness of a cocoa extract supplement and a multivitamin supplement in preventing cancer and 

According to previous trials, the ingestion of cocoa flavanols results in the dilation of several blood vessels throughout the body. Research has indicated that cocoa causes an alteration in the brachial artery diameter up to 3% flow-mediated dilation.

 From this example, investigators believed that flavanols would have a similarly dilative effect on blood vessels in the eye, thereby avoiding a common trigger of AMD.

The COSMOS trial examined 21,442 US randomized participants – of these, 12,666 were female ≥65 years of age, and 8776 were male ≥60 years of age. Participants were screened for myocardial infarction, stroke, and recently diagnosed cancer within the past 2 years. They were asked to complete a placebo run-in over the course of ≥ 2 months. During this period, participants took ≥75% of the study pills, which included 2 capsules per day of 500 mg of cocoa flavanols – namely 80 mg epicatechin – and the multivitamin Centrum Silver. The study was broken up into 4 main arms, which are as follows:

Active cocoa extract and active multivitamin

Active cocoa extract and multivitamin placebo

Cocoa extract placebo and active multivitamin

Follow-up questionnaires were distributed following randomization, monitoring adherence to the trial’s schedule and signs of major illnesses – including AMD.

Christen and colleagues’ study makes use of the data collected by the COSMOS trial to determine the incidence of AMD among its participants and thereby ascertain the supplement’s effectiveness in preventing the disease. During a median period of 3.6 years of treatment and follow-up, 344 participants had indicated an AMD event – of these, 316 were cases of incident AMD and 28 were of AMD progression.

A total of 159 cases came from the cocoa extract subgroup and 185 from the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.08; 

 = .21). Excluding the first year of follow-up, the HR for AMD incidence was modestly attenuated, lowering to 235 events (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18).

While the overall conclusion was that the cocoa extract offered no benefits towards prevention of AMD, an additional post hoc analysis stratified by time based on inspection of cumulative incidence curves indicated a potential modest treatment effect for AMD incidence in the first 2 years of follow-up (213 events; HR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.59-1.01) but showed little to no benefit after 2 years (131 events; HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.76-1.50).

Notably, investigators indicated that this study’s findings are at odds with studies conducted in the past.

“Our finding of no additional benefit beyond 2 years of treatment appears at odds with prior studies, which show that with regular consumption, the acute effects of flavanols translate into long-term benefits in flow-mediated dilation,” noted Christen and colleagues. “The reasons for this apparent discrepancy are unclear.”

Christen WG, Rist PM, Moorthy MV, et al. Cocoa flavanol supplementation and risk of age-related macular degeneration. 

. Published online March 27, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.0353

Monahan KD, Feehan RP, Kunselman AR, Preston AG, Miller DL, Lott ME. Dose-dependent increases in flow-mediated dilation following acute cocoa ingestion in healthy older adults. 

. 2011;111(6):1568-1574. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00865.2011

Articles

A recent study from the COSMOS trial explored the effects of cocoa flavanol supplementation on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While initial findings suggested a potential benefit during the first two years, the overall results showed no significant long-term advantage. The trial involved 21,442 participants and used a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Despite previous research indicating vascular benefits from cocoa flavanols, this study found no substantial long-term impact on AMD prevention. Further research is needed to understand the discrepancy between these findings and earlier studies.

Cocoa flavanols can be helpful over a brief period, but after 2 years there is little benefit to risk of age-related macular degeneration.

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Cocoa Shows Limited Benefit for Reducing Macular Degeneration Risk

Poon discussed a community health needs survey and how the “model minority” myth can impact care for Asian Americans.

Identifying Unique Health Challenges of AAPI Populations, with Adrienne Poon, MD, MPH

Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations are often overlooked in health care due to the model minority myth, which portrays these individuals as uniformly successful and without significant health or socioeconomic disparities and can contribute to gaps in research, policy, and healthcare access. In reality, AAPI communities are diverse and should be looked at in a disaggregated way to better understand and target unique health challenges of these populations.

Adrienne Poon, MD, MPH, associate professor of medicine at George Washington University, presented research investigating community health needs of AAPI populations in the greater Washington, DC, area at the 

American College of Physicians (ACP) Internal Medicine (IM) Meeting 2025

, held April 3-5, in New Orleans, Louisiana.

HCPLive spoke with Poon to learn more about the study and some preliminary findings. Some preliminary findings of note include high rates of hyperlipidemia, diabetes and hypertension in Vietnamese Americans, high rates of depression in Chinese Americans, and high rates of anxiety in Indian Americans, posing an alarming pattern in the field.

Poon gave an overview of how she and her colleagues conducted the survey and shared further research that she would like to do in looking at health disparities in AAPI populations. She also discussed some factors clinicians should keep in mind when treating AAPI patients and stressed the importance of conducting this research.

“[Sharing] ways to promote a healthy lifestyle is really important for the patients, but also in a way that… works for them and their families… I've heard people say in the community [that some of the guidance] is not the most culturally appropriate. So, trying to work with them to find strategies that are tailored towards an individual, I think is important,” Poon told 

Poon has no relevant disclosures to report.

Poon AN. Debunking the Model Minority Myth: Preliminary Findings for a Community Health Needs Assessment for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Health Disparities in Greater Washington DC. Presented at: ACP IM Meeting 2025; April 3-5; New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Tim Smith joined the MJH Life Sciences team as an assistant editor for HCPLive in August 2022. He graduated from UC Berkeley with a degree in political science, working in multimedia journalism as a staff writer prior to joining MJH. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, watching TV, listening to podcasts, and rock climbing. You can contact him at 

 has approved inebilizumab-cdon (UPLIZNA®) as the first and only treatment for adult patients diagnosed with 

immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD)

Announced by Amgen on April 3, 2025, the FDA previously designated inebilizumab as a Breakthrough Therapy for those with IgG4-RD, citing the significant unmet medical need and the potential impact of this treatment for patients. IgG4-RD is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that can be irreversibly damaging and can impact multiple organs.

“Targeting CD19+ B cells with UPLIZNA has proven to be a highly effective approach to help address the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD," John Stone, MD, MPH, principal investigator, and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and Edward A. Fox Chair in Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital, said in a statement. "The clinical community now has an FDA-approved therapeutic innovation for patients that targets underlying disease mechanisms and helps to control disease activity by reducing flares in IgG4-RD.”

Inebilizumab was designed as a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can work to selectively and persistently deplete CD19+ B cells among patients with IgG4-RD, including depleting plasmablasts and certain plasma cells implicated in the processes of this condition. Although IgG4-RD’s precise mechanism of action is still unknown, treatment involves 2 initial infusions followed by maintenance dosing on an every-6-month basis.

Inebilizumab’s FDA approval was based on positive findings from the MITIGATE trial, designed as the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in IgG4-RD.

 MITIGATE assessed the medication’s effectiveness and safety in the reduction of disease flares in adult subjects living with IgG4-RD.

The study's primary endpoint was designated as the time to first adjudicated and treated IgG4-RD flare. The MITIGATE trial program also involved an optional 3-year open-label extension and a safety follow-up of up to 2 years in the post-discontinuation phase.

Overall, the study’s findings suggested that inebilizumab lowers disease activity while maintaining its established safety profile. Some notable findings include the drug’s risk reduction for IgG4-RD flares by 87% compared to placebo (HR: 0.13, 

 <.001) over the 52-week placebo-controlled period.

Trial investigators found flare occurrences in 10.3% of the 68 inebilizumab-treated participants compared with 59.7% of the 67 subjects in the placebo arm. Furthermore, annualized flare rates among those treated were .10 versus .71 among those in the placebo group (

Other findings from MITIGATE demonstrated that 57.4% of those on inebilizumab attained flare-free, treatment-free complete remission at the 52-week mark, compared with only 22.4% of those placed in the placebo arm (

 <.001). Additionally, it was noted that 58.8% attained flare-free, corticosteroid-free complete remission by the 52-week mark versus 22.4%, respectively (

Assessment of safety and the most commonly reported adverse events among those with IgG4-RD receiving the medication (≥10% incidence and greater than placebo) showed urinary tract infections (12%) and lymphopenia (19%).

This approval by the FDA marks inebilizumab’s second approved indication, following its 2020 approval for adult patients with AQP4-IgG+ Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD).

“Now, our work begins in raising awareness of this disease so that patients can access the right treatment as early as possible, avoiding a long and often harmful diagnostic journey,” Stone noted in his statement.

Uplizna (INEBILIZUMAB-CDON) Is Now the First and Only FDA-Approved Treatment For Igg4-Related Disease. Amgen. April 3, 2025. 

https://www.amgen.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/04/uplizna-inebilizumabcdon-is-now-the-first-and-only-fdaapproved-treatment-for-igg4related-disease

Amgen announces positive results for phase 3 registrational trial evaluating UPLIZNA® (inebilizumab-CDON) for treatment of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (igg4-RD). Amgen. June 5, 2024. Accessed April 3, 2025. 

https://wwwext.amgen.com/newsroom/press-releases/2024/06/amgen-announces-positive-results-for-phase-3-registrational-trial-evaluating-uplizna-inebilizumabcdon-for-treatment-of-immunoglobulin-g4related-disease-igg4rd

The FDA has approved inebilizumab-cdon (UPLIZNA®) as the first treatment for adult patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), a chronic inflammatory disorder. This approval follows the MITIGATE trial, which demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing disease flares by 87% compared to placebo. Inebilizumab targets CD19+ B cells, addressing the disease's pathophysiology. The trial also showed a high rate of flare-free remission. Common adverse events included urinary tract infections and lymphopenia. This marks inebilizumab's second FDA-approved indication, following its approval for NMOSD in 2020.

Regulatory approval of inebilizumab for immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) marks the first and only available treatment for adults.

FDA News

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FDA Approves Inebilizumab (Uplizna) as First IgG4-RD Therapy for Adults

New findings suggest a lack of observed use of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors for 

 among venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) cases within half a year prior to VTEs, providing some reassurance for those who prescribe JAK inhibitors.

These data resulted from an analysis among French patients with atopic dermatitis, with the study being led by Catherine Droitcourt, from the CHU Rennes Department of Dermatology in France. This study was carried out given VTE concerns which had been raised in JAK inhibitors’ initial approvals for 

“However, most studies focused on [rheumatoid arthritis], an inflammatory disease associated with a greater risk of VTEs in contrast to [atopic dermatitis],” Droitcourt and colleagues wrote.

 “Our objective was to assess the JAKi-related risk of VTEs among French DA patients, on a large scale at the French population level.”

The investigative team conducted their research using the French national claims database (SNDS, Système National des Données de Santé). They used a case–control trial design, implementing SNDS data covering 99% of France's population. The study was embedded within a nationwide cohort of adult patients who have diagnoses of severe atopic dermatitis, with the data lasting from 2017 - 2023.

In their determination of participants to involve, the investigators' criteria for inclusion comprised at least a single dispensation of a systemic treatment—methotrexate, cyclosporine, tralokinumab, dupilumab, or a JAK inhibitor such as upadacitinib, baricitinib, or abrocitinib—marking the cohort entry date.

In addition, the team required that subjects have a history of visits to dermatologists, be 18 years or older at the time of study entry, and have received at least 2 dispensations of topical corticosteroids. In their criteria for exclusion, the investigators highlighted previous systemic atopic dermatitis treatment utilization within the year prior to cohort entry and treatments for other indications.

The investigative team defined cases as incident VTE events, encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE), taking place in the period between January 2017 - June 2023. The team took note of cases in hospitals, outpatient settings, or emergency departments, identifying them via the validated SNDS EPIGETBAM algorithm.

During the analysis, an exclusive focus was placed on unprovoked VTEs, excluding cases in which there were known strong factors for VTE risk. There were a set of identified provoking factors in the period 3 months prior to the case date, including cesarean section, active cancer, major surgery, hospitalization exceeding 3 days within the previous 4-week timeframe, and initiation of oral estrogen-progestin contraception 3 months prior.

Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) for recent JAK inhibitor exposure versus individuals who were shown never to have implemented JAK inhibitors. The investigators adjusted for general comorbidities.

There were a set of 22,602 subjects included in the overall analysis, with 51.1% being female and the median participant age being 46 years (Q1–Q3: 30–64). Several conclusions were noted by the team, including that the first systemic treatment received at the time of cohort entry had been methotrexate among 38.8% of subjects, dupilumab among 37.3%, cyclosporine among 21%, and tralokinumab among 1.2%.

JAK inhibitors had been provided to 1.6%, and they were distributed as baricitinib (1.2%), abrocitinib (0.05%), and upadacitinib (0.4%). Overall, 225 unprovoked VTE cases were observed by the research team during their evaluation of these data, with the corresponding VTE incidence rate being labeled 1.5 per 1,000 individuals exposed to systemic atopic dermatitis drugs.

There were 48 cases of these cases that the team classified as unprovoked VTEs. Additionally, the investigators found that 68.7% had been managed within an outpatient setting. Notably, in both cases and controls, the team identified no individuals who had been given a JAK inhibitor for atopic dermatitis in the 3 or 6 months before the VTE event.

These findings provide reassurance for prescribers and are supported by several key methodological choices. One would be limiting to those with atopic dermatitis who also do not inherently have a higher VTE risk. Additionally, the team highlighted a greater focus on unprovoked VTEs (excluding strong provoking factors) to improve specificity in the detection of a possible JAKi-VTE relationship despite reduced statistical power.

“However, no conclusion can be drawn about the impact of JAKi in [atopic dermatitis] patients with concomitant risk factors for VTE,” they concluded. “The recommendations of prescription should be maintained.”

Droitcourt, C., Kerbrat, S., Staumont-Salle, D., Lescoat, A., Oger, E. and Scailteux, L.-M. (2025), Venous thromboembolic events in patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors for atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 

Holmqvist ME, Neovius M, Eriksson J, Mantel Ä, Wållberg-Jonsson S, Jacobsson LTH, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and association with disease duration and hospitalization. JAMA. 2012; 308(13): 1350.

Recent research indicates that Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors are not commonly used in patients with atopic dermatitis who experience venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) within six months prior to the event. This finding offers reassurance to prescribers concerned about VTE risks associated with JAK inhibitors. The study, conducted using the French national claims database, focused on unprovoked VTEs and excluded cases with strong VTE risk factors. The results suggest that JAK inhibitors do not significantly contribute to VTE risk in atopic dermatitis patients without additional risk factors.

These findings, while reassuring for JAK inhibitor prescription, nonetheless suggest that VTE-related recommendations for prescriptions should be maintained.

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VTEs with JAK Inhibitors Similar Between Those with Atopic Dermatitis, General Population

Chelsie Derman is an associate editor for 

who covers psychiatry, sleep medicine, geriatrics, migraine, and allergy. She joined MJH Life Sciences in September 2023 after graduating from The College of New Jersey with a bachelor’s degree in journalism and professional writing. In her free time, she enjoys creative writing and reading.

The first quarter of 2025 was informative for allergists worldwide, with hundreds attending the annual American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (AAAAI) meeting in San Diego (February 28 – March 3).

Experts discussed their latest research on peanut 

, oral immunotherapy with autoclaved peanuts, and more. The first quarter also saw the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve the first interchangeable biosimilar for omalizumab, along with newly published phase 2 and 3 data.

In this recap, we spotlight 1 regulatory update from the FDA and 3 top expert insights featured within our coverage.

FDA Approves First Interchangeable Biosimilar for Omalizumab

The FDA approved omalizumab-igec (OMLYCLO) as the first interchangeable biosimilar for reference omalizumab (Xolair). Omalizumab-igec also marked as the first respiratory biosimilar for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated food allergies, and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Approved in 75 mg/0.5 mL and 150 mg/mL doses for subcutaneous use via prefilled syringes, its approval was based on a phase 3 study confirming its bioequivalence to the reference product in patients with CSU, demonstrating similar efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.

Oral Immunotherapy Shows Promise for High Threshold Peanut Allergy, with Scott Sicherer, MD

At AAAAI 2025, HCPLive spoke with Sicherer, from Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, on a phase 2 trial showing 100% of children on peanut oral immunology tolerated 9043 mg of peanuts, versus 10% in the avoidance group.

Among 73 children aged 4 – 11 years with a high peanut allergy threshold (> 143 mg), the study assessed tolerance to 3400 mg of store-bought peanuts and then 9043 mg during the oral challenge.

“Typically, you would have said, “Oh, gee, you’re allergic to peanuts, don't eat it.” But with this information, you can make a very strong argument that if the family and child were interested in raising their threshold and eating the food more like regular food, although I would not call it a cure, it's still a treatment,” he said. “They could go through a process that's relatively simple, not a lot of visits with the doctor, and could end up having them eat peanut butter like regular food.”

Omalizumab Performs Better Than Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy, with Robert Wood, MD

Wood, from Johns Hopkins Medicine, discussed the OUtMATCH trial, which found omalizumab outperformed oral immunotherapy for food allergies (36% vs 19%; P = .031) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Participants had multiple food allergies, including peanuts and ≥ 2 other common food allergens, such as milk, egg, cashew, wheat, walnut, or hazelnut.

The per-protocol analysis showed no differences between treatment options. However, dropouts were considered a treatment failure, and there was a high dropout rate among patients undergoing oral immunotherapy and a low dropout rate among those on omalizumab.

“What I would take away from this is that oral immunotherapy does have potential benefit, but we need to be very clear with our patients about the high rate of side effects and the possibility that they really won't tolerate that treatment, whereas with omalizumab, we don't see side effect,” Wood said.

Patients Tolerate Oral Immunotherapy Better with Autoclaved vs Blanched Peanuts, with Casey Cohen, PhD

Cohen, from McGill University, presented late-breaking data at AAAAI showing that patients tolerate peanut oral immunotherapy with autoclaved peanuts better than with raw, roasted, or blanched peanuts. Peanuts were autoclaved at 266°F for 30 minutes.

Participants tolerated a maximum dose of 30 mg and a 44 mg cumulative dose, compared with a 9 mg for blanched peanuts. None on autoclaved peanuts required epinephrine, while on all blanched did.

“We are very confident that not only is it this autoclaving—this process—diluting the peanut from its proceeds, but we think it's actually changing it in a different way, making this a very unique substrate,” Cohen said. “It's changing it in such a way that we might have all these new things in this peanut there's still some level of those allergens there, which is important to reduce tolerance, but way less of it intact.”

HCPLive Five: Allergy Updates at AAAAI

The first quarter of 2025 was significant for allergists, marked by the AAAAI meeting in San Diego and the FDA's approval of the first interchangeable biosimilar for omalizumab. This biosimilar, OMLYCLO, is approved for various conditions, including asthma and food allergies. Expert insights highlighted promising results in peanut oral immunotherapy, with high tolerance levels achieved in children. The OUtMATCH trial showed omalizumab's superior performance over oral immunotherapy for food allergies. Additionally, autoclaved peanuts were found to be better tolerated than blanched peanuts in oral immunotherapy.

Q1 2025 allergy updates: FDA approved the first omalizumab biosimilar, and experts shared insights on peanut immunotherapy and food allergy treatments.

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Q1 2025 Recap: Allergy

Abigail Brooks is an assistant editor for 

She joined MJH Life Sciences in August 2023 shortly after graduating from Monmouth University where she earned her BA in Communication with a concentration in Public Relations/Journalism and later an MA in Interactive Digital Media. She enjoys traveling, running, and reading books. She can be reached at abrooks@mjhlifesciences.com.

PBC patients with increased serum IgG levels at initial evaluation experienced faster disease progression and a greater probability of liver-related death.

Hepatology

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Elevated IgG Linked to Greater Cirrhosis, Liver-Related Death Risk in PBC

Blood vessel inflammation directly influences incidence of age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, retinal vascular occlusion, and central serous chorioretinopathy

Correlation Identified Between Aortic Stenosis and Macular Disease Risk

Marc Bonaca, MD, MPH, examines the benefit of semaglutide on functional outcomes in PAD from the STRIDE trial at ACC.25.

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Structural Heart Disease

Type 2 Diabetes

Semaglutide Boosts PAD Outcomes in STRIDE with Marc P. Bonaca, MD, MPH

Patrick Campbell is the editorial director of HCPLive. Patrick has spent years spearheading coverage surrounding cardiometabolic health and rheumatic disease for MJH Life Sciences. Before joining MJH Life Sciences in 2019, he spent time as a beat reporter and/or multimedia specialist with the Pocono Record, Star News Group, and NJ Advance Media. He is the executive producer for multiple HCPLive podcasts, including Diabetes Dialogue, Don't Miss a Beat, Kidney Compass, Medical Ethics Unpacked, The Medical Sisterhood, and Skin of Color Savvy. 


Follow him on Twitter @RealPatCampbell or reach him via email at PCampbell@mjhlifesciences.com.

A recap of 10 clinical trials in cardiovascular care to know from the American College of Cardiology 2025 Scientific Sessions. 

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Dyslipidemia

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ACC 2025 Recap: 10 Trials to Know

These findings indicate that lower ambient solar radiation is linked with more frequent systemic psoriasis therapy.

Plaque Psoriasis

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Lower Solar Radiation Linked to Higher Use of Systemic or Light Therapy in Psoriasis

Aldeyra announces intention to resubmit NDA with new trial data in mid-year 2025.

FDA Issues Complete Response Letter to Reproxalap for Dry Eye Disease

Panelists discuss how undertreatment in psoriasis persists despite expanded therapeutic options due to multiple barriers including limited physician awareness of disease impact, insurance restrictions, socioeconomic disparities, patient concerns about medication safety, inadequate screening for comorbidities like psoriatic arthritis, outdated treatment paradigms, health care access challenges, and the failure to recognize that even limited disease in high-impact areas may warrant systemic therapy.

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Advancing From Topicals to Systemic Treatment in Psoriasis Management

Panelists discuss how undertreatment remains pervasive in psoriasis management, with recent data from Gondo (2024) revealing that nearly one-third of patients with moderate to severe disease receive only over the counter (OTC), complementary, or topical therapies, while similarly high percentages of patients with mild disease but high-impact location involvement are undertreated, with disparities particularly affecting patients of color, those of lower socioeconomic status, and individuals whose limited body surface area (BSA) involvement in sensitive or visible areas significantly impacts their quality of life despite not meeting traditional severity thresholds.

Exploring Undertreatment of Psoriasis in Skin of Color

The March 2025 month in review spotlights an RX Review about USMSTF guidance on bowel prep for colonoscopy, an FDA approval, and clinical trial updates.

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Gastroenterology Month in Review: March 2025

The approval indicates Novartis's atrasentan (Vanrafia) for proteinuria reduction in primary IgA nephropathy.

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Latest News

Cocoa Shows Limited Benefit for Reducing Macular Degeneration Risk

Identifying Unique Health Challenges of AAPI Populations, with Adrienne Poon, MD, MPH

FDA Approves Inebilizumab (Uplizna) as First IgG4-RD Therapy for Adults

VTEs with JAK Inhibitors Similar Between Those with Atopic Dermatitis, General Population

Q1 2025 Recap: Allergy